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Exam 13: Social Psychology in Conflict and Peacemaking

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Question 21

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Which of the following conditions makes it more likely that we will generalize a newly formed positive attitude toward a member of another group to the whole outgroup?

A) if we see another ingroup member modelling friendship with outgroup members
B) if we perceive our new outgroup friend as an atypical member of that group
C) if we think of our new outgroup friend as an individual, not as a group member
D) all of these choices.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Question 22

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Cialdini, Bickman and Cacioppo (1979) found that car dealers

A) were unwilling to bargain, under tough bargaining.
B) were willing to lower the price on average by $200, under tough bargaining.
C) were willing to bargain without tough bargaining.
D) none of these choices.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 23

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Charles Osgood's GRIT strategy is an alternative to conflict that promotes _____________ rather than retaliation.

Before they married, Melinda and Michael, who are both employed full time and collect the same pay, agreed to share equally in routine household tasks such as cleaning and grocery shopping. In reality, Melinda is now doing about 80 percent of the household work. This situation is an example of

Destructive mirror-image perceptions operate in conflicts between

A mediator seeks to achieve a mutually beneficial resolution by having the parties adopt a _____ orientation.

Define bargaining, mediation, and arbitration and discuss the similarities and differences between these peace-making processes.

The misperceptions of those who are in conflict with each other, such as two nations who regard each other with suspicion and hostility, are usually

John believes he is hardworking but his wife, Rachel, is lazy. Rachel believes she is hardworking but John is lazy. This is an example of

Which of the following is not a seed of misperception that can lead to conflict?

Which of the following is not a feature of the Prisoner's Dilemma and Commons Dilemma?

In both the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Commons Dilemma, people are tempted to explain their own behaviour ____________ and others' behaviour ____________.

Pretend you are a marriage counsellor that is giving advice to a couple that has a great deal of destructive quarrels. You instruct them that if managed constructively, conflict can provide opportunities for reconciliation and more genuine harmony. Based on the work of Gotlib and Colby (1988), you give the couple a list of "Do's" and "Do Not's". Identify 5 of the 8 recommendations for each column (i.e., 5 things to do, 5 things to avoid).

Allan and Marianne are getting a divorce and have turned to a mediator to help resolve the disagreements over the distribution of their assets, and the house in particular. Allan considers it a win if he gets the house, and a loss if Marianne gets it, despite the fact that she is maintaining custody of the kids. The goal of the mediator is to create a win-win situation where

Despite official government warning of a severe water shortage, most citizens fail to conserve in the belief that their personal water consumption will have little effect on the community's total water supply. The eventual depletion of the community's water resources provides an example of

Four women share a small house. Molly and Sarah work from 8am to 5pm every day in an office. Sue and Margaret work from 5pm until 2am every night in a bar. There is a social dilemma regarding the hours during which the housemates must be quiet in order to allow the others to sleep. In which of the following is the conflict most likely to be resolved?

Mediators seek to establish _____________ that reconcile both parties' interests to their mutual benefit.

The reciprocal views that parties in conflict often hold of one another are referred to as

Reciprocal views of one another often held by parties in conflict; for example, each may view itself as moral and peace loving and the other as evil and aggressive defines

"From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs" is a motto that would most likely be found in