Question 1

The_________ of the Earth does not transmit S waves.

Accepted Answer

A)   inner crust
B)   outer core
C)   outer mantle
D)   deep mantleE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

What do seismic gaps represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   places nobody bothered to check because they are so remote
B)   areas with no faults
C)   really well lubricated places where the government spends enormous expense injecting fluids to keep the fault slipping gradually
D)   locked areas that are still accumulating strainE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

If an earthquake occurred 2000 km away from a seismic station, how long after the P- wave arrival would the station detect the S- wave arrival on the same seismogram?

Accepted Answer

A)   7.6 min
B)   3.6 min
C)   2 min
D)   4 minE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

The precise radius of the inner core was not measured until relatively recently. How was this accomplished?

Accepted Answer

A)   by Neil Armstrong conducting hammer seismic experiments during a 1960's Apollo Mission
B)   by finding the S- wave shadow zone beyond 105°
C)   by measuring the edge of the P- wave shadow zone from the great Chilean earthquake of 1960
D)   by using a precisely known, underground nuclear weapons test in the Nevada desert in the early 1960sE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The most damaging type of earthquake wave for buildings and engineering structures on top of the ground is a surface wave with horizontal motion back and forth parallel to the passing wave front. Which description fits this type of surface wave?

Accepted Answer

A)   The little parcel of rock rotates about its own location in an ellipse until the wave passes.
B)   The rock moves toward and away from the earthquake as the volume of the material alternately expands and contracts, changing the rock's density while the compression- rarefaction wave passes through.
C)   The little parcel of rock shimmies from side to side as the wave passes, with the greatest motion at the Earth's surface, dying out with depth.
D)   The volume of the rock stays fixed, but it shears back and forth, distorting the rocks internal shape as the wave passes through.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

What is the average P- wave velocity (km/sec)  if the seismic station is 2000 km from the epicentre?

Accepted Answer

A)   500
B)   4.66
C)   8.33
D)   200E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

What are the smaller magnitude quakes that follow a major earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)   hyposhocks
B)   airshocks
C)   epishocks
D)   aftershocksE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

How was the Turnagain Heights area of Anchorage, Alaska, damaged during the 1964 earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rioting by frenzied inhabitants in Anchorage's worst slum area.
B)   A weak, subsurface, clay layer failed, resulting in numerous rotational landslides.
C)   It burned in a fire set off by broken gas lines.
D)   It was hit by a large tsunami and then buried by a rock avalanche.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 9

The geologic term,____________ , denotes phenomena that precede an earthquake and might be used to give advance warning.

Accepted Answer

A)   precursor
B)   creepy feelings
C)   prescience
D)   premonitionE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 10

P waves _________.

Accepted Answer

A)   are faster than S waves and surface waves
B)   propagate only in solids
C)   have higher amplitudes than do S waves
D)   produce the strongest ground shakingE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

What is the central contribution of Canada's Lithoprobe Project?

Accepted Answer

A)   radiometric dating of the oldest rocks laid down at the base of the lithosphere
B)   drilling deep holes to probe the Canadian lithosphere and explore for hydrocarbons along the way
C)   discovering Canada's richest mineral deposits at the base of the crust
D)   multichannel reflection seismic profiling of the entire crustal architecture, to the base of the lithosphereE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are easily seen at sea but are lost in the swell and breaking waves along a coast.
B)   They are faster than seismic surface waves.
C)   They cause the land to ripple and oscillate.
D)   They have relatively small amplitudes compared to their very long wavelengths.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

A______ is one or more smaller earthquakes that sometimes precede a much larger, main earthquake event.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A______ is one or more smaller earthquakes...

Question 14

What acoustic phenomenon causes the shadow zone for P-wave arrivals at epicentral angles between 105° and 140°?

Accepted Answer

A)   refraction
B)   reflection
C)   dispersion
D)   attenuationE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which one of the following statements concerning P waves is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   They propagate by vibrations at right angles to the ray path.
B)   They are not transmitted through the outer and inner cores.
C)   They arrive first at distant receiving stations.
D)   They are not refracted across the Moho discontinuity.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

What was the smallest Richter magnitude that can be felt by a human?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.5
B)   4.0
C)   1.0
D)   2.0E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tsunami can be generated by sea cliffs tumbling into tidewater, thereby generating a surface wave.
B)   As seafloor is subducted, water is squeezed out of deep sea sediment to produce a surface wave (tsunami) .
C)   The seafloor suddenly moves upward or downward during an earthquake, displacing the sea surface into a mound or trough, as gravity tries to restore the sea surface a very fast tsunami wave is generated.
D)   The seafloor undergoes sudden horizontal slippage during an earthquake, causing the overlying water to be accelerated or pushed laterally, initiating a tsunami.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

___________have the highest velocities.

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary waves
B)   Diffracted S waves
C)   Surface waves
D)   Secondary wavesE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The fact that ________is good evidence for a solid inner core

Accepted Answer

A)   P waves are faster in the inner core than in the outer core
B)   S waves are focused at the centre of the P- wave shadow zone
C)   S waves are slower in the inner core than in the outer core
D)   S waves do not pass directly through the coreE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

__________is the widely accepted explanation for the mechanism that generates earthquakes.

Accepted Answer

A)   Richter's wave- snap theory
B)   Dow's recovery theory
C)   Reid's elastic rebound theory
D)   Dupont's plastic- slip theoryE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 5: Weathering and Soil

The_________ of the Earth does not transmit S waves.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was the smallest Richter magnitude that can be felt by a human?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the central contribution of Canada's Lithoprobe Project?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following best characterizes tsunamis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

P waves _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A______ is one or more smaller earthquakes that sometimes precede a much larger, main earthquake event.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How was the Turnagain Heights area of Anchorage, Alaska, damaged during the 1964 earthquake?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the smaller magnitude quakes that follow a major earthquake?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The geologic term,____________ , denotes phenomena that precede an earthquake and might be used to give advance warning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What acoustic phenomenon causes the shadow zone for P-wave arrivals at epicentral angles between 105° and 140°?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do seismic gaps represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that ________is good evidence for a solid inner core

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If an earthquake occurred 2000 km away from a seismic station, how long after the P- wave arrival would the station detect the S- wave arrival on the same seismogram?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following statements concerning P waves is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the average P- wave velocity (km/sec) if the seismic station is 2000 km from the epicentre?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

___________have the highest velocities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The precise radius of the inner core was not measured until relatively recently. How was this accomplished?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________is the widely accepted explanation for the mechanism that generates earthquakes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most damaging type of earthquake wave for buildings and engineering structures on top of the ground is a surface wave with horizontal motion back and forth parallel to the passing wave front. Which description fits this type of surface wave?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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