Question 1

Beliefs about one's ability to perform behaviours needed to achieve a desired outcome are called self-_________.

Accepted Answer

A)  esteem
B)  determination
C)  efficacy
D)  verificationE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 2

A Freudian psychoanalyst is discussing a patient with you. He is concerned that one of his patients has difficulty with the reality principle. What part of the mind is he concerned about?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ego
B)  The superego
C)  The id
D)  The self-concept
E)  The Oedipal complexF) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

According to Carl Rogers, limitations that determine when people approve or disapprove of themselves are known as conditions of worth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In measuring individual differences in personality traits and describing the structure of personality, trait theorists attempt to ________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  understand and predict behaviour
B)  describe behaviour
C)  facilitate stability in behaviour
D)  control behaviourE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following concepts is most concerned with the amount of personal power or influence we feel that we can exert in our lives?

Accepted Answer

A)  Locus of control
B)  Self-monitoring
C)  Reinforcement value
D)  ExpectancyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Vivian is trying to learn to play the guitar. She has been encouraged by her friends and family and last year, she learned to play piano. Vivian believes that she can do this. Most likely, Vivian has

Accepted Answer

A)  a low degree of self-monitoring
B)  a low degree of reciprocal determinism
C)  an external locus of control
D)  a high degree of self-efficacy
E)  a positive view of selfF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Santiago does not pay much attention to politics. He believes that the world is run by powerful people and there really isn't much he can do about it. According to Rotter's theory on locus of control we would expect Santiago to have

Accepted Answer

A)  a low degree of monitoring control
B)  a belief in high self-efficacy
C)  an attributional locus of control
D)  an internal locus of control
E)  an external locus of controlF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The importance or centrality of a particular personality trait for a person is most relevant to determining how ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  consistent the person's behaviour is across situations
B)  much self-monitoring the person uses
C)  neurotic the person is
D)  much self-efficacy the person possessesE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

As a Freudian therapist, you notice that one of your patients has never developed mature social or sexual relationships. You might conclude that this patient has never reached the

Accepted Answer

A)  oral stage
B)  anal stage
C)  phallic stage
D)  latency stage
E)  genital stageF) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Personality measures should have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability but not necessarily validity
B)  validity but not necessarily reliability
C)  both reliability and validity
D)  reliability, validity, and structured interview questionsE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Although his original theory of personality has been and continues to be criticized, Sigmund Freud's ideas served to inspire the work of other personality theorists who made significant future contributions to the field. In this sense, Freud's theory could be considered "useful" because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulated the discovery of new knowledge
B)  suggested that personality is shaped by behaviours that appear to fit together
C)  allowed researchers to predict future events with relative accuracy
D)  provided a comprehensive framework to explain known factsE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

According to Rogers, a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behaviour is likely to develop ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditions of worth
B)  positive self-regard
C)  unconditional positive regard
D)  high self-esteemE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

You overhear two psychologists talking about personality theory. Dr. A insists that it is important to examine archetypes while Dr. B is more concerned with self-verification. Most likely, Dr. A follows the _____, while Dr. B follows the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  trait approach; biological approach
B)  psychodynamic approach; humanistic approach
C)  social-cognitive approach; trait approach
D)  assessment model; projective model
E)  reinforcement value approach; behavioural assessment approachF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

In Western cultures, research examining gender differences suggests that the self-concepts of women are more ____________ than those of men.

Accepted Answer

A)  collectivistic
B)  self-actualized
C)  achievement-oriented
D)  individualisticE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

The systematic statistical approach that attempts to find clusters of specific behaviours that are correlated with one another is known as factor analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Higher measures of happiness, fewer relationship difficulties, and higher achievement levels are correlated with a high score on measures of self-____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  efficacy
B)  verification
C)  consistency
D)  esteemE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

One reason for situational inconsistency in personality is that some people are "social chameleons" who tailor their behaviour for each situation. These people are what we call ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-monitors
B)  high self-monitors
C)  low perceivers
D)  high perceiversE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following correctly lists what are often called the "Big Five" personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Outgoingness, conscientiousness, excitability, agreeableness, and nervousness
B)  Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
C)  Openness, conscientiousness, excitability, apprehensiveness, and nervousness
D)  Outgoingness, conscientiousness, extraversion, apprehensiveness, and neuroticismE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic theorists the active process of realizing our total human potential is referred to as self-_____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  actualization
B)  efficacy
C)  enhancement
D)  verificationE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

A person's behaviour, forces in the environment, and the person himself/herself interact to form personality - this is the ___________________ perspective of personality.

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control
B)  humanistic
C)  social constructivist
D)  reciprocal determinismE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 14: Personality

A person's behaviour, forces in the environment, and the person himself/herself interact to form personality - this is the ___________________ perspective of personality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Western cultures, research examining gender differences suggests that the self-concepts of women are more ____________ than those of men.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Personality measures should have ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Higher measures of happiness, fewer relationship difficulties, and higher achievement levels are correlated with a high score on measures of self-____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One reason for situational inconsistency in personality is that some people are "social chameleons" who tailor their behaviour for each situation. These people are what we call ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In measuring individual differences in personality traits and describing the structure of personality, trait theorists attempt to ________________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Freudian psychoanalyst is discussing a patient with you. He is concerned that one of his patients has difficulty with the reality principle. What part of the mind is he concerned about?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The systematic statistical approach that attempts to find clusters of specific behaviours that are correlated with one another is known as factor analysis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Carl Rogers and other humanistic theorists the active process of realizing our total human potential is referred to as self-_____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Carl Rogers, limitations that determine when people approve or disapprove of themselves are known as conditions of worth.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Santiago does not pay much attention to politics. He believes that the world is run by powerful people and there really isn't much he can do about it. According to Rotter's theory on locus of control we would expect Santiago to have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The importance or centrality of a particular personality trait for a person is most relevant to determining how ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As a Freudian therapist, you notice that one of your patients has never developed mature social or sexual relationships. You might conclude that this patient has never reached the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Rogers, a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behaviour is likely to develop ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You overhear two psychologists talking about personality theory. Dr. A insists that it is important to examine archetypes while Dr. B is more concerned with self-verification. Most likely, Dr. A follows the _____, while Dr. B follows the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following concepts is most concerned with the amount of personal power or influence we feel that we can exert in our lives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Beliefs about one's ability to perform behaviours needed to achieve a desired outcome are called self-_________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Vivian is trying to learn to play the guitar. She has been encouraged by her friends and family and last year, she learned to play piano. Vivian believes that she can do this. Most likely, Vivian has

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following correctly lists what are often called the "Big Five" personality traits?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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You overhear two psychologists talking about personality theory. Dr. A insists that it is important to examine archetypes while Dr. B is more concerned with self-verification. Most likely, Dr. A follows the _, while Dr. B follows the _.

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