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Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

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Question 1

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Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A) RNA splicing
B) attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
C) transcription factors
D) gene operons

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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Scenario Questions Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background. -Jim came across an advertisement for an herbal supplement that claimed to cure lung cancer by targeting precancerous cells in the lungs.If this claim were true,which of the following is a possible mechanism by which it may act?

A) The supplement would increase mutation rates in proto-oncogenes.
B) The supplement would inhibit the production of tumor suppressor proteins.
C) The supplement would stimulate translation of growth factors
D) The supplement would restrict the transcription of oncogenes.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

Consider the following figure,which outlines cloning by nuclear transplantation.Why does the clone NOT resemble the surrogate mother?

In eukaryotic cells,repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ________.

What would enable a single RNA transcript to be translated into different polypeptides?

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is ________.

Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?

Examine the figure below.In a typical colon cancer,the first step is ________.

Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. You conducted a series of experiments to test whether the expression of hexokinase, an important enzyme involved in glycolysis, varies under different conditions. In the first experiment, you measured the production of hexokinase mRNA in cells at three different temperatures: 37°C, 25°C, and 10°C. Your results showed that the mRNA levels for hexokinase were 5× and 20× lower at 25°C and 10°C than at 37°C, respectively. Based on these results, you are going to conduct further experiments to attempt to answer your research question. -What would be the best experiment to do next to determine if complete hexokinase gene expression is temperature dependent?

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.

Scenario Questions Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background. -Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others.What would you give him as a plausible explanation?

Which of the following is NOT an example of how tumors evolve?

In an operon,the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E.coli?

The "master control genes" that regulate other genes and determine what body parts will develop in which locations are called ________.

Why can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?