Question 1

What does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Accepted Answer

A)   The motor neuron supplying the external sphincter is stimulated.
B)   The parasympathetic nerve supply to the bladder is stimulated.
C)   The internal urethral sphincter mechanically opens due to changes in the shape of the bladder.
D)   The external urethral sphincter is relaxed.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which statement concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   Water reabsorption is under control of vasopressin throughout the length of the nephron.
B)   The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is always impermeable to water.
C)   Vasopressin makes the distal and collecting tubules impermeable to water.
D)   Fifteen percent of the filtered water osmotically follows the absorption of Na+ and other solutes in the proximal tubule.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

Which statement is correct for the ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)   It actively transports NaCl out of the lumen into the interstitial fluid.
B)   It is highly impermeable to H2O.
C)   It is always impermeable to H2O.
D)   Both a and CE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the normal glucose concentration in the plasma in terms of mg per 100 mL?

Accepted Answer

A)   30
B)   60
C)   100
D)   180E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

What does filtrate NOT pass through?

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerular capillary pores
B)   basement membrane
C)   podocytes
D)   filtration slitsE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺,which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which substance is NOT normally secreted into the tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen ions
B)   potassium ions
C)   glucoseD) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 9

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Accepted Answer

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is ...

Question 10

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) :
-its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  renin
B)  angiotensinogen
C)  angiotensin I
D)  angiotensin II
E)  aldosteroneF) atrial natriuretic peptideG) All of the above
H) D) and F)

Question 11

Which statement concerning the countercurrent system is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)   The loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons are responsible for establishing a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla by countercurrent multiplication.
B)   The active NaCl pump of the ascending limb of Henle's limb can establish a 1,200 mosm/litre concentration difference between the ascending and descending limbs at any given horizontal level.
C)   By means of countercurrent exchange, the vasa recta preserve the vertical osmotic gradient while supplying blood to the medullary tissue.
D)   The collecting tubules of all nephrons utilize the driving force of the vertical osmotic gradient to accomplish variable H2O reabsorption under the control of vasopressin, which governs their permeability.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

What is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)   contributing significantly to long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure by maintaining the proper plasma volume
B)   acting directly on the interstitial fluid, the fluid that bathes the cells, to maintain constancy in its composition
C)   excreting the metabolic waste products
D)   assisting in maintaining the proper acid-base balance of the bodyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

What is the renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)   filtration
B)   secretion
C)   reabsorption
D)   excretionE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which statement is NOT true for urea?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a waste product resulting from the breakdown of protein.
B)   It is passively reabsorbed at the end of the proximal tubule down a urea concentration gradient created by the osmotic-induced reabsorption of water from the proximal tubule.
C)   Recycling between the late portion of the collecting tubule and the long loops of Henle contributes to medullary hypotonicity.D) All of the above
E) None of the above

Question 16

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration,but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which statement regarding water reabsorption is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   It occurs passively by osmosis in the proximal tubule.
B)   It is under the control of vasopressin in the distal and collecting tubules.
C)   It occurs by active transport in the distal and collecting tubules.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 18

MATCHING
Match the renal function with the correct characteristic by using the answer code:
-tubular reabsorption

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of substances from the peritubular capillary blood into the tubular lumen
B)  movement of substances from the glomerular capillary blood into the tubular lumen
C)  everything filtered or secreted that is not subsequently reabsorbed
D)  movement of substances from the tubular lumen into the peritubular capillary bloodE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Which statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)   The osmolarity of the medullary interstitial fluid always equilibrates with the descending limb of the loop of Henle.
B)   ACE inhibitor drugs promote diuresis by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II.
C)   If a substance is filtered and secreted but not reabsorbed, its plasma clearance rate is always less than the GFR.
D)   A plasma clearance of 135 mL/min for a substance when the GFR is 125 mL/min indicates that net secretion of the substance occurs.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

In normal conditions,which portion of the renal tubules absorbs the largest amount of sodium?

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule
B)   descending limb of loop of Henle
C)   ascending limb of loop of Henle
D)   distal convoluted tubuleE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 12: The Urinary System

What does filtrate NOT pass through?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement concerning the countercurrent system is INCORRECT?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerular filtration occurs by active transport of Na⁺,which then creates an osmotic gradient for the filtration of water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which substance is NOT normally secreted into the tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water reabsorption cannot occur from any portion of the nephron in the absence of vasopressin.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal threshold for glucose is well above the normal plasma glucose concentration,but the renal threshold for PO₄ is equal to the normal plasma PO₄ concentration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In normal conditions,which portion of the renal tubules absorbs the largest amount of sodium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the normal glucose concentration in the plasma in terms of mg per 100 mL?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the chemicals below with the correct characteristic by using the answer code (options may be used more than once or not at all) : -its secretion is directly stimulated by angiotensin II

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

MATCHING Match the renal function with the correct characteristic by using the answer code: -tubular reabsorption

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement regarding water reabsorption is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Explain how glomerular filtration rate is regulated.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is ...View AnswerShow Answer

What is the renal process whereby substances are selectively transferred from the peritubular blood into the renal tubule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does NOT occur during the micturition reflex in a baby?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is NOT a function of the kidneys?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true for urea?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The afferent arteriole is the blood vessel that carries blood to the glomerular capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement concerning water reabsorption is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is correct for the ascending limb of the loop of Henle of a juxtamedullary nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
Answered by ExamLex AI
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified