Question 1

The decreased blood flow in the circulartory system can impact the immune and lymphatic systems. A decrease in function of these systems can cause an individual with sickle-cell disease to be more prone to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   liver disease
B)   bacterial and viral infections
C)   heart damage
D)   kidney failureE) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 2

There are two main forms of non-Mendelian dominance. In ______, as observed in familial hypercholesterolemia, the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele. In ______, as observed in AB blood type, two dominant alleles are expressed for the same phenotype.

Accepted Answer

A)   codominance; incomplete dominance
B)   incomplete dominance; codominance
C)   recessive; dominant
D)   recessive; codominanceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

PCR mimics DNA replication. Which of the following steps of PCR corresponds with the annealing process in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Helicase breaking the hydrogen bonds
B)   A primer preparing a starting point for DNA polymerase
C)   DNA polymerase sythesizing a daughter strand of DNAD) A) and C)
E) None of the above

Question 4

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, when the bacteria were exposed to phage that contained a35S labeled capsid,

Accepted Answer

A)   the bacteria in the sediment were not radioactive. This proved the capsid of the new viruses depended on the viral DNA.
B)   the bacteria in the sediment were not radioactive. This proved the capsid formation depended on the medium it was grown in.
C)   the bacteria in the sediment were radioactive. This proved the capsid of the new viruses depended on the viral DNA.
D)   the bacteria in the sediment were radioactive. This proved bacteria began making radioactive35S after being previously exposed to it by the phage.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Several different researchers contributed to the study of the structure of DNA. What did Rosalind Franklin contribute?

Accepted Answer

A)   X-ray crystallography was used to show DNA is a repeating helical structure
B)   The percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of guanine is equal to the percent of cytosine
C)   There is a transforming factor that exists and can change bacteria's characteristics
D)   Transformation of bacteria did not occur with the addition of DNase enzyme, suggesting DNA is the genetic materialE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

During elongation in transcription, RNA polymerase creates a complementary mRNA sequence from a gene. Provide the mRNA sequence from the given gene sequence.
TACGGCACCCAGCATT

Accepted Answer

The answer of During elongation in transcription, RNA polymerase creates...

Question 7

In the human life cycle, gametes are formed through the process of ______, and all other cells are formed through the process of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   meiosis; mitosis
B)   mitosis; meiosis
C)   binary fission; mitosis
D)   meiosis; binary fissionE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 8

Sickle-cell disease has a physiological impact on the body because it

Accepted Answer

A)   can cause anemia to develop.
B)   changes the shape of red blood cells, which decreases the oxygen supply to the tissue.
C)   decreases the amount of oxygen picked up by red blood cells from the alveoli.
D)   All of the answer choices are correct.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   karyotypes
B)   punnett squares
C)   amniocentesis
D)   chorionic villus sampling (CVS) E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)   Oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells and into the lungs.
B)   Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and oxygen diffuses out of red blood cells and into the lungs.
C)   Oxygen diffuses out of the lungs into red blood cells and carbon dioxide diffuses out of red blood cells into the kidney nephrons.
D)   Both carbon dioxide and oxygen diffuse out of red blood cells and into the lungs.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

PCR is important because it allows scientists to

Accepted Answer

A)   mimic DNA replication to copy a specific segment of DNA to study.
B)   track ancestry of organisms.
C)   identify criminals in forensic studies.
D)   All of the answer choices are correct.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes how a mutation changes the shape of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene will always produce a protein that is misfolded.
B)   If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene may produce a protein that is misfolded.
C)   If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, the affected gene will never produce a protein that is misfolded.D) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 13

At which point of the respiratory system would sickle-cell disease cause an impact?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inhalation of air into the nasal cavity
B)   The flow of air down the trachea
C)   The delivery of air into the alveoli
D)   The diffusion of gases across the alveoli into the capillariesE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

What conclusions resulted from the Hershey-Chase experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hershey and Chase concluded that phage were injecting DNA into bacteria and that it was the injected DNA that coded for the manufacturing of new viruses.
B)   Hershey and Chase concluded each nucleotide was complementary to another. Adenine was complementary to thymine and guanine was complementary to cytosine.
C)   Hershey and Chase concluded the structure of DNA was a double helix and was held together by hydrogen bonds.
D)   Hershey and Chase concluded the two strands of DNA ran opposite of each other in order to bind together.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Gene therapy can involve the replacement of a defective gene. Which type of vector is used to replace the defective gene in ex vivo gene therapy and not used in in vivo gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stem cells
B)   Liposomes
C)   Virus
D)   BacteriaE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 16

You are given an assignment to identify a pair of human sex chromosomes from a karotype. How would you differentiate the sex chromosomes from the autosomal chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sex chromosomes will be labeled XX or XY.
B)   The sex chromosomes always contain different lengths. One chromosome is shorter than the other.
C)   The sex chromosomes are always the same length and shorter than all other pairs of chromosomes on the karyotype.
D)   The sex chromosomes are always the same length and longer than all other pairs of chromosomes on the karyotype.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the structure and function of hemoglobin in the respiratory and circulatory systems?

Accepted Answer

A)   The hemoglobin molecule consists of four alpha globin polypeptide chains and iron molecules that are involved in gas exchange between the blood capillaries and the alveoli capillaries.
B)   The hemoglobin molecule consists of four beta globin polypeptide chains and iron molecules that are involved in gas exchange between the alveoli capillaries.
C)   The hemoglobin molecule consists of two alpha globin and two beta globin polypeptide chains and iron molecules that are involved in gas exchange between the blood capillaries and the alveoli capillaries.
D)   The hemoglobin molecule consists of one alpha globin and three beta globin polypeptide chains and iron molecules that are involved in gas exchange between the blood capillaries and the alveoli capillaries.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?

Accepted Answer

A)   Red blood cells
B)   White blood cells
C)   Neurons
D)   OsteoblastsE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?

Accepted Answer

A)   Genetic information that produces a product, either proteins or RNA
B)   A section of DNA that produces a single protein product
C)   The protein product that genetic material produces
D)   A collection of polypeptides that fold to form a complex proteinE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

In gene expression, step one, also known as ______, converts a gene into mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In gene expression, step one, also known...

Exam 8: Characteristics, Functions, and Analysis of Genetic Diseases and DNA

Sickle-cell disease has a physiological impact on the body because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At which point of the respiratory system would sickle-cell disease cause an impact?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During elongation in transcription, RNA polymerase creates a complementary mRNA sequence from a gene. Provide the mRNA sequence from the given gene sequence. TACGGCACCCAGCATT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the human life cycle, gametes are formed through the process of ______, and all other cells are formed through the process of ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In gene expression, step one, also known as ______, converts a gene into mRNA.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes how a mutation changes the shape of a protein?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Images of unreplicated chromosomes that allow researchers to organize and identify each chromosome, as well as missing or extra chromosomes are called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are given an assignment to identify a pair of human sex chromosomes from a karotype. How would you differentiate the sex chromosomes from the autosomal chromosomes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gene therapy can involve the replacement of a defective gene. Which type of vector is used to replace the defective gene in ex vivo gene therapy and not used in in vivo gene therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide during gas exchange.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

PCR mimics DNA replication. Which of the following steps of PCR corresponds with the annealing process in DNA replication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Hershey-Chase experiment, when the bacteria were exposed to phage that contained a35S labeled capsid,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What conclusions resulted from the Hershey-Chase experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes the structure and function of hemoglobin in the respiratory and circulatory systems?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There are two main forms of non-Mendelian dominance. In ______, as observed in familial hypercholesterolemia, the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele. In ______, as observed in AB blood type, two dominant alleles are expressed for the same phenotype.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Several different researchers contributed to the study of the structure of DNA. What did Rosalind Franklin contribute?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best describes the definition of a gene?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

PCR is important because it allows scientists to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The decreased blood flow in the circulartory system can impact the immune and lymphatic systems. A decrease in function of these systems can cause an individual with sickle-cell disease to be more prone to __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the human life cycle, gametes are formed through the process of , and all other cells are formed through the process of .

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In the Hershey-Chase experiment, when the bacteria were exposed to phage that contained a³⁵S labeled capsid,

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There are two main forms of non-Mendelian dominance. In , as observed in familial hypercholesterolemia, the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele. In , as observed in AB blood type, two dominant alleles are expressed for the same phenotype.

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