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The blood is injected with a special dye that stains the areas where it passes through. Where in the brain and spinal cord would you expect to see the stain?


A) The brain and spinal cord would be stained.
B) Any space occupied by the CSF would be stained.
C) The space outside of the dura mater (between dura mater and bone) would be stained.
D) No stain would be found inside the cranium or vertebral column.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?


A) Receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron, effector
B) Effector, receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron
C) Effector, sensory neuron, receptor, interneuron, motor neuron
D) Receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effector

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The part of the brain that assigns value to a memory is the


A) cerebral cortex.
B) amygdala.
C) medulla oblongata.
D) pons.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A spinal nerve passing through the intervertebral foramen is


A) associated with the vertebra above.
B) composed of afferent fibers only.
C) composed of efferent fibers only.
D) associated with cranial nerve C1.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The epineurium is composed of nervous tissue.

A) True
B) False

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A fetus possesses a mutation that causes the forebrain region of the developing brain to cease growing. Which structures in the mature brain will be missing/abnormal if the fetus survives to birth and childhood?


A) Midbrain
B) Pons
C) Cerebellum
D) Thalamus

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The simplest level of CNS function is the


A) ability to talk.
B) ability to work.
C) spinal reflex.
D) cerebral reflex.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The interconnected, fluid-filled cavities of the brain are called ________.

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An inflammation of the meninges called meningitis usually affects the


A) dura mater only.
B) dura mater and arachnoid mater.
C) arachnoid mater and pia mater.
D) pia mater only.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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The human body secretes about ________ milliliters of cerebrospinal fluid daily.


A) 10
B) 60
C) 300
D) 500

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The corticospinal tracts control


A) sweat glands.
B) posture.
C) voluntary muscle movements.
D) spinal reflexes.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Aging of the brain begins


A) before birth.
B) at birth.
C) at age 30.
D) after age 50.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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The part of the brain that is overactive in post-traumatic stress disorder is the


A) amygdala.
B) brainstem.
C) hippocampus.
D) thalamus.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Autonomic ganglia provide a degree of independence from the CNS by integrating motor impulses before they are relayed to visceral organs.

A) True
B) False

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Over the course of several months, Morris has experienced difficulty speaking coherently, clumsiness, muscle fasciculations, and increasing weakness in his limbs. These symptoms are most consistent with those of


A) Parkinson disease.
B) Hodgkin's disease.
C) muscular dystrophy.
D) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Which lobe of your brain are you using when you answer this question?


A) Frontal
B) Parietal
C) Temporal
D) Occipital

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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In spastic paralysis


A) muscle tone increases and the muscles atrophy.
B) muscle tone increases and the muscles do not atrophy.
C) muscle tone decreases and the muscles atrophy.
D) muscle tone decreases and the muscles do not atrophy.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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The area of skin that sensory nerve fibers of a particular spinal nerve innervate is called a


A) dermatome.
B) myotome.
C) sensory body.
D) nerve body.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Nerve tracts other than the corticospinal tracts that transmit impulses into the spinal cord are called extrapyramidal tracts.

A) True
B) False

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If fibers in the ascending tract of the spinal cord are cut, the affected person will have a loss of motor functions below the injury.

A) True
B) False

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