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The Mauryan emperor Ashoka fought his bloodiest battle against


A) the Punjab.
B) Kalinga.
C) Magadha.
D) Harsha.
E) Alexander the Great.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Why did Buddhism eventually lose popularity in India?

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Buddhism eventually lost popularity in I...

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Although only fragments remain,some of our best information about early Indian history comes from the Indika,written by


A) Socrates.
B) Megasthenes.
C) Herodotus.
D) Sima Qian.
E) Kautalya.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Jainism first became popular under the teachings of


A) Vardhamana Mahavira.
B) Siddhartha Gautama.
C) Ashoka Maurya.
D) Kautalya.
E) Samudra Gupta.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Examine the period of political revitalization under the Guptas.How does this dynasty compare to the earlier Mauryas?

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The period of political revitalization under the Guptas was marked by a resurgence of centralized political power, economic prosperity, and cultural achievements. The Gupta dynasty, which ruled from around 320 to 550 CE, is often referred to as the "Golden Age" of India due to its significant advancements in art, science, and literature. In comparison to the earlier Mauryas, the Gupta dynasty was known for its more decentralized form of governance. While the Mauryas established a highly centralized and bureaucratic administration, the Guptas allowed more autonomy to local rulers and focused on maintaining a strong military and economic infrastructure. Additionally, the Guptas were known for their patronage of the arts and sciences, which led to a flourishing of intellectual and cultural achievements during their rule. Overall, the Gupta dynasty can be seen as a period of political revitalization that emphasized cultural and economic prosperity, while the Mauryas were known for their centralized political power and administrative reforms. Both dynasties made significant contributions to the history and development of ancient India, but their approaches to governance and political organization differed significantly.

Examine the carving of the boddhisatva Avalokitesvara on page 130.What is the theory behind the boddhisatva? Can you think of any similar religious concepts?

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The carving of the bodhisattva Avalokite...

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Discuss the formation and beliefs of Jainism.What factors explain why it never became as successful as Hinduism or Buddhism?

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Jainism is an ancient religion that orig...

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In the Bhagavad Gita,Arjuna says,"As a man,casting off old clothes,puts on others and new ones,so the embodied self,casting off old bodies,goes to others and new ones." What did he mean? How does this comment express the basic ideals of Hinduism?

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In the Bhagavad Gita, Arjuna is expressing the concept of reincarnation, which is a fundamental belief in Hinduism. He is comparing the process of the soul leaving one body and entering another to the act of changing clothes. This metaphor illustrates the idea that the soul is eternal and continues to exist even after the physical body dies. It also suggests that the soul can take on new bodies in future lives, depending on its actions and karma in previous lives. This comment expresses the basic ideals of Hinduism in several ways. Firstly, it reflects the belief in the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth, known as samsara. This cycle is driven by the law of karma, which dictates that a person's actions in one life will determine their circumstances in the next life. This concept of karma and reincarnation encourages individuals to act morally and ethically in order to improve their future lives. Additionally, Arjuna's statement reflects the Hindu belief in the interconnectedness of all living beings. The idea that the same soul can inhabit different bodies emphasizes the unity of all life and the importance of treating others with compassion and respect. Overall, Arjuna's comment in the Bhagavad Gita encapsulates the core principles of Hinduism, including the belief in reincarnation, the law of karma, and the interconnectedness of all living beings. It serves as a reminder to live a righteous life and strive for spiritual growth in order to break free from the cycle of samsara and attain moksha, or liberation from the cycle of birth and death.

Compare the unification of India with the unification process in China under the Qin and Han dynasties,and in southwest Asia under the Assyrians and Persians.

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The unification of India, China under th...

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How did India fit in to the trade along the silk roads?

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India played a significant role in the t...

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The Buddha called for people to lead lives characterized by


A) intense meditation.
B) extreme asceticism.
C) balance and moderation.
D) active hedonism.
E) devotion to a powerful monotheistic god.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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In what ways did outsiders influence India during this period? In turn,how did India influence the rest of the world and especially Asia?

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During this period, outsiders influenced...

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The high point of Mauryan success came during the reign of


A) Chandragupta Maurya.
B) Chandra Gupta II.
C) Kautalya.
D) Ashoka.
E) Harsha.

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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Examine the religious philosophy of Siddhartha Gautama.What are the basic tenets of Buddhism? How did this religion influence India?

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Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Bu...

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Chandra Gupta was the Indian ruler who converted to Buddhism and became a very active missionary for its spread.

A) True
B) False

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Examine the social structure of India during the time of the Mauryas and the Guptas.How did long-distance trade influence India?

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During the time of the Mauryas and the G...

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The Jains adhered to the principle of nonviolence to other living things or their souls,which is expressed in the word


A) dharma.
B) boddhisatva.
C) nirvana.
D) ahimsa.
E) karma.

F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

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What sets Jainism apart from other religions,such as Hinduism or Buddhism? How does Jainism compare to Daoism?

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Jainism sets itself apart from other rel...

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One of the biggest transformations of the caste system during this period was the


A) elimination of the brahmins as a caste.
B) rise of guilds,which essentially served as jati.
C) rise of the untouchables to an equal status to the rest of the castes.
D) rise of the kshatriyas to the top position.
E) complete destruction of the caste system.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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B

What social and religious changes worked to transform the caste system during these years? What were the long-term consequences of this transformation?

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The caste system in India has been a lon...

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