Question 1

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise,operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you:

Accepted Answer

A)   specify your exercise goals and how you plan to achieve them.
B)   congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goals.
C)   never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals.
D)   avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 2

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   extrinsic motivation
B)   instinctive drift
C)   modeling
D)   a fixed-interval reinforcement scheduleE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Last year,Dr.Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of rabies vaccination shots.Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive learning
B)   classical conditioning
C)   observational learning
D)   operant conditioningE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of:

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   observational learning.
C)   generalization.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The electric shock is a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)   primary conditioner.
B)   conditioned stimulus.
C)   secondary stimulus.
D)   unconditioned stimulus.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 6

Janna's behavior is more strongly influenced by the momentary thrill of unprotected sex than by the prospect of an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection.This best illustrates the impact of:

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   immediate reinforcement.
C)   a fixed-interval schedule.
D)   spontaneous recovery.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Nikki has learned to expect the sound of thunder whenever she sees a flash of lightning.This suggests that associative learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   intrinsic motivation.
B)   cognitive processes.
C)   mirror neurons.
D)   genetic predispositions.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to:

Accepted Answer

A)   underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the real world.
B)   experience less distress at the sight of other children fighting on the school playground.
C)   become more hesitant about personally starting a fight with another child.
D)   become less fearful about being criminally assaulted.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of:

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   classical conditioning.
C)   discrimination.
D)   operant conditioning.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which of the following did Pavlov use as a neutral stimulus in his studies of salivation?

Accepted Answer

A)   a touch on the leg
B)   the sight of a light
C)   the sound of a tone
D)   He used all of these stimuli.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Accepted Answer

A)   playing jump rope
B)   running through a maze to get a food reward
C)   sweating in hot weather
D)   clapping after a thrilling concert performanceE) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that:

Accepted Answer

A)   triggers imitation.
B)   signals a reward.
C)   elicits operant behavior.
D)   evokes a response.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so.This illustrates the importance of:

Accepted Answer

A)   latent learning.
B)   immediate reinforcement.
C)   modeling.
D)   prosocial behavior.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Megan's profane language increases in frequency when it leads to her friend's approving laughter but decreases in frequency when it leads to her parent's criticism.This best illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   the law of effect.
C)   spontaneous recovery.
D)   shaping.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following are thought to become active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive maps
B)   fixed-interval schedules
C)   mirror neurons
D)   extrinsic motivesE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye.Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a:

Accepted Answer

A)   UR.
B)   US.
C)   CR.
D)   CS.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests,he will receive good grades.This suggests that associative learning involves:

Accepted Answer

A)   modeling.
B)   cognitive processes.
C)   intrinsic motivation.
D)   instinctive drift.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning.This highlights the importance of ________ in conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   instinctive drift
B)   latent learning
C)   intrinsic motivation
D)   cognitive processesE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

Accepted Answer

A)   John B.Watson.
B)   Rosalie Rayner.
C)   B.F.Skinner.
D)   Ivan Pavlov.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 20

In classical conditioning,an organism forms associations between:

Accepted Answer

A)   immediate and delayed reinforcers.
B)   events that it does not control.
C)   primary and secondary reinforcers.
D)   its own behavior and resulting outcomes.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 7: Learning

Nikki has learned to expect the sound of thunder whenever she sees a flash of lightning.This suggests that associative learning involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are thought to become active both when people watch an action being performed and when they perform that action themselves?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janna's behavior is more strongly influenced by the momentary thrill of unprotected sex than by the prospect of an unwanted pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection.This best illustrates the impact of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise,operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ten-year-old Karen frequently watches violent movies on television.This is most likely to lead her to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock.The electric shock is a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bandura's experiments indicate that ________ is important in the process of learning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Megan's profane language increases in frequency when it leads to her friend's approving laughter but decreases in frequency when it leads to her parent's criticism.This best illustrates:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Individually paced instruction that provides students with immediate positive feedback following their correct responses best illustrates an application of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backward because he noticed that his older brother does so.This illustrates the importance of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first experimental studies of associative learning were conducted by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Elijah has learned to expect that whenever he studies diligently for tests,he will receive good grades.This suggests that associative learning involves:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning,an organism forms associations between:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Last year,Dr.Moritano cleaned Natacha's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each of a series of rabies vaccination shots.Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that Natacha currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following did Pavlov use as a neutral stimulus in his studies of salivation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye.Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning.This highlights the importance of ________ in conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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